Statistics is an exact science that studies how to plan, collect, analyze, process, interpret and present data. In other words, statistics is a science that deals with data. The term ‘statistics’ (English: statistics) is different from ‘statistics’ (statistics). Statistics is the science that deals with data, while statistics is data, information, or the result of applying statistical algorithms to data. From a collection of data, statistics can be used to conclude or describe data; This is called descriptive statistics. Most of the basic concepts of statistical probability theory assumes. Some statistical terms include: population, sample, sample unit, and probability.
The use of the term statistics is rooted in the modern Latin term statisticum collegium (“council of state”) and the Italian statista which means statesman or politician (Wikipedia.com). Gottfried Achenwall (1749) used Statistics in German for the first time as a name for the activity of analyzing state data, defining it as “the science of the state”. At the beginning of the 19th century there has been a shift in meaning to “knowledge of data collection and classification”. Sir John Sinclair introduced the name (Statistics) and this meaning into English. So, statistics, in principle, initially only dealt with data used by administrative and government agencies. Data collection continues, especially through censuses which are conducted regularly to provide population information that changes over time.
In the 19th and early 20th centuries statistics began to make use of many areas in mathematics, especially probability. The currently most widely used branch of statistics to support the scientific method, inference statistics, was developed in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century by Ronald Fisher (foundation of inference statistics), Karl Pearson (linear regression method), and William Sealey Gosset (examining the problem of small samples). The use of statistics today can be said to have touched all fields of science, from astronomy to linguistics. The fields of economics, biology and its applied branches, as well as psychology are heavily influenced by statistics in their methodology. As a result, combined sciences such as econometrics, biometrics (or biostatistics), and psychometrics were born.
Although there are those who consider statistics to be a branch of mathematics, others consider statistics to be a field that is closely related to mathematics looking at its history and applications. In Indonesia, statistical studies are mostly included in mathematics and natural sciences faculties, either in separate departments or combined with mathematics.
Statistics is widely applied in various scientific research, in various scientific disciplines, both natural sciences such as biology, agriculture, medicine and civil science, industrial engineering. Apart from that, also in social and business sciences such as economics, management, accounting, sociology, communication, law and psychology. In government, statistics plays a very important role for various purposes such as population growth charts, opinion polls, population censuses, economic censuses, and agriculture. The use of statistical knowledge in the field, for example, economic forecasting, opinion poll procedures or polling (for example carried out before a general election), as well as fast calculations (quick calculation of election results) or quick count. In the field of computing, statistics can also be applied in pattern recognition and artificial intelligence.
Understanding and Definition
Statistics is a science that studies the most efficient methods of collecting, processing, presenting and analyzing data, drawing conclusions and making reasonable decisions based on the data and analysis carried out.
Statistics are data obtained by a researcher which is then collected, processed, analyzed and then presented, so that it can be useful as part of a system that will be used in decision making.
Statistics is a collection of data that can provide an overview of a situation. Statistics is the science that studies statistics, namely the science that studies how to collect data, process data, present data, analyze data, and make conclusions from the results of data analysis and make decisions based on the results of the conclusions.
STATISTICAL DIVISION
Descriptive Statistics
Statistics is concerned with structuring, summarizing and describing data without continuing with testing and interpretation (inference).
Inferential Statistics
Statistics relating to testing and drawing conclusions based on interpretation (inference).
Source :
Research Statistics Book (Manual Analysis and IBM SPSS)
Author: Dr. Agung Wahyudi, S.T., M.T.; Ir. Muhammad Kholil, M.T., I.PU.
ISBN number: 978-623-686-573-6