Identify Hazards and Risks

A. Hazard identification

Hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control are one of the required elements of the OHSAS 18001:2007 Occupational Safety Management System clause 4.3.1. OHSAS or the abbreviation for Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS 18001) is an international standard for implementing an Occupational Health and Safety Management System in workplaces/companies. Many organizations in various countries have adopted OHSAS 18001 to encourage the implementation of occupational safety and health by implementing procedures that require organizations to consistently identify and control risks of harm to safety and health in the workplace, as well as improve company performance and image.

OHSAS 18001 was published in 1999 and updated in 2007, namely on July 1, 2007 in response to requests from organizations that have specifications for Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems. OHSAS 18001 provides requirements for an organization to control health, safety risks in the workplace and improve their performance. However OHSAS 18001 does not set specific performance criteria, and provides detailed specifications for management system design.

Hazard identification is carried out to determine K3 implementation plans within the Company. Hazard identification includes identifying aspects of the environmental impact of the Company’s operations on nature and local residents in the Company’s area, involving several elements such as land, water, air, energy resources and other natural resources including aspects of flora and fauna in the Company’s environment. This is the Hazard Identification Circle.

Purpose of Hazard Identification:

1. Check for dangerous risks that are rarely known or some dangerous risks that are ignored in work, even though there is a risk of accidents or health
2. Make ways to control hazards and reduce the risk of accidents
3. It is a reference in determining PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) and the basis for submission to Management
4. The ultimate goal of this program is to reduce the number of work accidents and increase productivity

Hazard Identification Method:

1. Determine the work that will be checked for potential hazards

• Jobs that require JSA & RA are jobs that have potential dangers that can result in work accidents
• This is a new job with the potential danger of work accidents
• Old work with new tools, resulting in changes to work steps

2. Break down work into work steps

• Determine simple work steps that will be implemented.
• Limit in general the work steps, for example: a maximum of 10 work steps

3. Determine critical work stages

• The critical work stage is the work stage where at that stage it is considered to have potential hazards that have an impact on occupational safety and health.

4. Recognize the source of danger

• Sources of mechanical hazards: engine rotation, lifts, gears, chains, loads, handling, etc
• Sources of physical & chemical hazards: electricity, pressure, vibration, temperature, noise, chemicals, etc
• Consider injuries from falls, explosions, gas/chemical exposure, smoke, muscle strain, etc
• Consider the work environment, equipment, coworkers
• Consider the possibility of personnel who could be injured, namely the work performer or co-workers

5. Control

Sequence of control steps:

• Elimination: eliminating the hazardous source/activity. For example using mechanical or electronic lifting devices to eliminate manual hazard handling.
• Substitution: replacing sources/tools/machines/materials/materials/activities/areas that are safer. It can also reduce or reduce system energy such as strength, amperage, pressure, temperature, and so on.
• Design: modification/installation of sources, tools, materials, systems to make it more secure and controllable.
• Administration: Carrying out work procedures/rules, training and visual control in the workplace. For example, by using SOPs to be more systematic and safe when working
• Personal Protective Equipment: provision of personal protective equipment for workers with high exposure to danger/risk. For example the use of safety helmets, safety shoes, masks, gloves while working.

6. Note taking

• Sequence work steps
• Explain the work steps
• Control
• Document the Job Safety Analysis and Risk Analysis (JSA & RA) on the form.

7. Communicate

8. Review

Do a JSA review if the following things happen:

• When the job is finished
• There is another identified hazard source
• There is a changing method of work

Figure 2.1. Hazard Identification Circle (Source: https://sistemmanajemenkeselamatankerja.blogspot.com)

Hazard identification is carried out in all Company operational activities in the workplace including:

1. Routine and non-routine work activities in the workplace.
2. The activities of all parties entering the workplace including contractors, suppliers, visitors and guests.
3. Human culture, human abilities and other human factors.
4. Dangers from outside the workplace environment that can disrupt the safety and health of workers in the workplace.
5. Infrastructure, equipment and materials (materials) in the workplace both provided by the Company and other parties related to the Company.
6. Changes or proposed changes related to activities or materials/materials used.
7. Changes to the K3 Management System include temporary changes and their impact on operations, processes and work activities.
8. Implementation of applicable laws and regulations and other requirements.
9. Workplace design, processes, machine/equipment installation, operational procedures, organizational structure including its application to human capabilities.