A. Background
K3 or Occupational Health, Safety and Security is an effort to develop cooperation, mutual understanding and effective participation from employers or administrators as well as workers in workplaces to carry out joint duties and obligations in the field of work safety, health and security in order to facilitate production business.
Through the implementation of K3, a workplace that is safe, healthy, free from environmental pollution, so that it can reduce to be free from work accidents as well as occupational diseases. So, implementing K3 can increase efficiency and work productivity.
The meaning is divided into 2 meanings, namely
a. Philosophically
An idea or effort to ensure the integrity and perfection, both physical and spiritual, of the workforce in particular and society in general towards the results of their work and culture towards a just and prosperous society.
b. Scientifically
Science and its application in an effort to prevent the possibility of accidents and occupational diseases.
In theory, hazard terms that are often encountered in the work environment include the following:
a. HAZARD (Source of Danger), A condition that allows/can cause accidents, disease, damage, or hinders the ability of polite workers. DANGER (Danger Level), the opportunity for danger to appear (a dangerous condition already exists but can be prevented with various preventive measures)
b. RISK, predicts the level of severity if a hazard occurs in a certain cycle
c. INCIDENT, the emergence of a dangerous event (an undesirable event that can/has come into contact with an energy source that exceeds the threshold of the body/structure)
d. ACCIDENT, a dangerous event accompanied by casualties and/or losses (humans/objects)
In K3 there are three norms that must always be understood, namely:
a. Rules relating to occupational safety and health
b. Implemented to protect the workforce
c. Risk of accidents and occupational diseases
The targets of K3 are:
a. Guarantee the safety of operators and others
b. Ensure the use of equipment is safe to operate
c. Ensure a safe and smooth production process
Purpose of use of PPE
- Protecting workers if engineering and administrative actions cannot be carried out properly
- Increase work effectiveness and productivity
- Creating a safe work environment
- Protect workers from occupational hazards
- Reducing the level of risk due to accidents to workers
B. Various types of PPE
A tool that has the ability to protect someone whose function is to isolate part or all of the body from potential hazards in the workplace is called Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). This PPE consists of mandatory equipment used by workers in accordance with the hazards and risks of work used to maintain the safety of workers and those around them. The obligation is in the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration Regulation No. Per.08/Men/VII/2010 concerning Personal Protective Equipment. Employers are obliged to provide PPE in accordance with Indonesian National Standards (SNI) for their workers.
What forms of Personal Protective Equipment are included in the Health & Work Safety (K3)?
1. Safety Helmet
This safety helmet functions to protect the head from collisions, blows and falls from sharp or heavy objects flying or sliding through the air. This helmet can also protect the head from heat radiation, fire, chemical splashes and extreme temperatures. In some jobs with a lower risk level, you can use a hat or head covering as protection.
Figure 2. Different helmet colors with different use of PPE
The use of helmets adjusted to the color:
A. Yellow: Operator
B. Blue: Technical / Electrical / ME Supervisor/Operator
C. Green: Environmental Supervisor
D. Red: Safety Officer
E. Orange: Guest
Brown : Welder/High heating applications
White: Manager/Supervisor/Engineer/Foreman
2. Safety belts and straps
Safety belts or safety belts are used to limit the movement of workers so they don’t fall or slip out of the desired position. There are several jobs that require you to be in a position that is quite dangerous, such as tilted, hanging, or entering a narrow cavity. This safety belt consists of a harness, lanyard, safety rope, and other belts that are used with several other tools such as carabiners, rope clamps, decenders, etc.
3. Boots
These shoes function to protect the feet from being hit or hit by heavy objects, punctured by sharp objects, exposed to hot or cold liquids, hot steam, as well as dangerous chemicals or slippery surfaces. The difference with safety shoes is that the models are tall and protect up to the calves and shins, thus providing maximum protection.
4. Protective Shoes
These protective shoes function to protect the feet from impacts or being hit by heavy objects, being punctured by sharp objects, being exposed to hot or cold liquids, hot steam, as well as dangerous chemicals or slippery surfaces. Safety shoes can be used for a long period of time because they have a good level of durability. Various protective shoes or safety shoes are available according to needs, for example anti-slip, anti-heat, anti-chemical, anti-electricity, etc.
5. Masks
This mask is used to protect the respiratory organs from contamination of chemicals, micro-organisms, dust particles, aerosols, vapors, smoke or gases. So that the air that is inhaled into the body is clean and healthy air. These masks consist of various types, such as respirators, cartridges, canisters, diving tanks and regulators, and breathing aids.
6.Earplugs
These earplugs serve to protect the ear from noise or pressure. These earplugs consist of ear plugs or ear muffs.
7. Safety Glasses
Safety glasses function as protective equipment that protects the eyes from exposure to particles floating in the air or in water, splashes from small objects, hot objects, or hot steam. These types of safety glasses can be spectacles or googgles. Safety glasses also function to block the beam of light directly into the eyes, collisions and blows of hard and sharp objects.
8. Gloves
Gloves are objects that function to protect fingers from fire, heat, cold temperatures, radiation, electric currents, chemicals, impacts, blows, scratches from sharp objects or infections from pathogenic substances such as viruses and bacteria. These gloves are made of metal, leather, canvas, cloth, rubber and gloves that are resistant to chemicals, depending on needs.
9. Face Shield
A protective device that protects the face from exposure to hazardous chemicals, particles floating in the air or water, splashes of small objects, heat or hot steam, impacts or blows of hard or sharp objects, and emission of light is called a face shield or face shield. Face shields consist of a face shield, diving mask, or full face mask.
10. Buoy
The buoy consists of a life jacket, life vest or bouyancy control device to regulate buoyancy. This buoy is used by workers who work on the water or on the surface of the water to avoid the danger of drowning.
